Evaluating Risk Factors for Perinatal Deaths in Dar Es Salaam

Abstract

This study assessed the risk factors contributing to perinatal deaths in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, where the perinatal mortality rate stands at 36 per 1,000 live births higher than the sub-Saharan Africa regional average. Despite various interventions, understanding of the underlying causes remains limited. The study aimed to identify key determinants to guide more effective strategies for improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Secondary data were obtained from eight health facilities in Dar es Salaam for the period 2015 to 2021. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata Version 15. Chi-square and Cramér’s V tests were used to examine associations, and binary logistic regression was employed to assess the relationship between selected risk factors and perinatal deaths, including both neonatal deaths and stillbirths.Out of 12,070 recorded cases, 3,520 (29%) were neonatal deaths, while 8,550 (71%) were stillbirths. The most significant causes of death included intrapartum asphyxia (27%) and intrauterine death (17%). Strong associations were identified between perinatal deaths and maternal or obstetric conditions, particularly spontaneous preterm labor, antepartum hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, and intrauterine death. Maternal hypertension and obstetric hemorrhage were found to be major contributing factors.The study further revealed that a notable proportion of perinatal deaths occurred among mothers with no documented obstetric complications. These findings underscore the need for further research into risk factors affecting apparently healthy mothers during childbirth, to enhance preventive strategies and reduce perinatal mortality in similar urban settings.